Why doesn't the Lyft, Uber, and other ride sharing apps offer a choice for an alternative energy vehicle such as a Tesla or Toyota Prius?

The availability of those vehicles will obviously be less than overall availability.  How many drivers actually own one of those vehicles? And how cost effective would it be for those drivers that do own one?   If you want to only ride in one of those you may have a very long wait, or even need to make schedule ahead.  I suggest you buy one and try it.  

Lyft has a luxury car option 

the traveller is charged per mile or per km and not as per type of fuel.

Because most ride sharing apps don't have an option for "I'm a huge vagina"

The availability of those vehicles will obviously be less than overall availability.  How many drivers actually own one of those vehicles? And how cost effective would it be for those drivers that do own one?   If you want to only ride in one of those you may have a very long wait, or even need to make schedule ahead.  I suggest you buy one and try it.  

Because the typical driver doesn't own one of these higher-priced vehicles. Because they need to drive when there are customers and can't take the time for an hours-long charge to complete. Because the cost to operate an electric vehicle is slightly higher in some markets. Because Uber and Lyft do not own the fleet of vehicles.

This isn't a bad idea, by any means, but a ride sharing business can't make it work. An eco-taxi system where a corporate entity owns all the vehicles in the fleet could, in a taxi-heavy environment like NYC, Boston, or SF, but it would never work in St. Louis, Minneapolis, or Denver. And you'd have to have riders willing to pay a little more per ride to save the planet.