Is it true that our african - american population has a 75 % + rate of an 8th grade reading level stillin America ?

you can look up the education statistics as well as we can.  i think you are correct in that inner city culture is largely responsible for underachieving inner city schooling.  single mothers are a big part of that and, imho, LBJ and the Dim party did that to our minorities back in 1964 -- on purpose, too.  [in the 1950s, the employment rate of Black youth was higher than that of White youth AND the rate of Black babies born to two parent families was higher than that of White babies.]

Not any more, but up till the 1960s, it was fairly common, and almost ubiquitous amongst Amish people (who are white) to this day.

Wouldn't doubt it.  They're an 'underserved' population.  Especially in the inner cities where most of them don't care and over 70% of them drop out of school and become gang members.  They care more about how they're gonna rob the pizza guy making a delivery to the faculty lounge at gunpoint than they do about their futures.